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Full-text articles to support research in applied sciences, biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and energy. Includes the Science Image Collection, a database of high-quality science images from National Geographic, UPI, Getty, NASA, and Nature Picture Library.
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February 22, 1960, bore witness to an event that would forever change the social, political, and economic life of a city, a state, and millions of inhabitants. The arrest of 34 Virginia Union University students during a sit-in protest at the most upscale department store in Richmond, Virginia, heralded the upending of a long-established way of life and a change of direction from which there would be no turning back. The students would see their actions...
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Since the 1880s, when a Howard County sheriff's deputy shot the mayor of Kokomo during the commission of a burglary, Howard County law enforcement officers have played an important role in the community's history. Police officers, deputies, and troopers cleared rowdies out of the junction neighborhood, walked downtown beats, rescued tornado survivors, quelled civil disturbances, cleaned up tragic accidents, and solved grisly murders. By the mid-1940s,...
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A Pacific Coast metropolis famous for beautiful beaches and perfect weather and an American municipality since 1850, San Diego is America's eighth-largest city. Known as America's "Finest City," it contains a wealth of history-evolutionary as well as revolutionary-in its crime files. Among those are the founder of the California wine industry, Judge Roy Bean, a black officer before the Emancipation Proclamation, a 19th-century Native American police...
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The New Mexico State Police traces its beginnings to the New Mexico Mounted Police, a statewide law-enforcement agency that was disbanded in 1921. No state law enforcement existed until the formation of the New Mexico Motor Patrol in 1933. A year and a half later, the governor of the state of New Mexico and the chief of the patrol saw the need to expand their forces to better serve the citizens of New Mexico. The New Mexico State Police formed in...
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Originally known as San Jose de Guadalupe, San Jose was ruled by Mexico until 1848, when, after the Mexican-American War, California joined the United States of America. In 1849, the newly elected government appointed a chief of police, and the San Jose Police Department was born. Its mission has been to respond to the distinctive needs of the community from the early agricultural age to today's high technology age. The San Jose Police Department...
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The Connecticut State Police Department was created in 1903 to preserve the peace, arrest convicting offenders, and stay alert to liquor and gambling violations, especially those on Sundays. The birth of the department came at time when temperance leagues began forming across the country. Connecticut State Police is an account of a department and its rise to battle, among other things, "demon rum." Today, troopers cover approximately half of the towns...
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The New Castle County Police Department has provided over a century of service to a county that continues to grow. In February 1913, two men were duly appointed and became the driving force of the New Castle County Rural Police. By the early 1930s, this small team evolved into an efficient police force. Today, the department has grown to be one of the top law enforcement agencies in the country and is comprised of approximately 350 law enforcement...
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Arlington County was carved from a section of the District of Columbia and formally named by the Virginia General Assembly in 1920. The rural farming community across the Potomac River was home to vacationing District of Columbia elite as well as rumrunners and brothels. Law enforcement fell to the commonwealth attorneys, sheriffs, special officers, and citizen leagues. The county board adopted a proposal, and the Arlington County Police Department...
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Recognized as the oldest police department in the country, the Boston Police Department has bravely protected and served the Boston community since 1838. Over the years, the department's efforts to keep the public safe have been supported by the many divisions and special units that are prepared to respond to a wide range of public safety issues. Photographs of the harbor patrol unit, mounted unit, K-9 unit, homicide unit, and motorcycle unit take...
10) Camp David
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Originally named Shangri-La by Franklin D. Roosevelt, today's Camp David was a well-guarded secret until its existence was revealed after World War II. A US Naval facility set on a mountaintop, Camp David's tight security has piqued the curiosity of Americans and foreigners. Prior to the outbreak of war, Roosevelt had access to the nearby presidential yacht as a "getaway" to escape the pressures of life in the White House. After a brief search of...
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The state of Florida has a unique place in the annals of national history and has been a constant contributor to the country's identity. The 51 men who have served as the state's governors are an essential part of its complex identity and have produced resonant material for historians of all ages. They have been farmers, generals, boat captains, restaurant owners, presidents, and sons of presidents. They have been given the office by both popular...
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Berkeley's 1930s and early 1940s New Deal structures and projects left a lasting legacy of utilitarian and beautiful infrastructure. These public buildings, schools, parks, and artworks helped shape the city and thus the lives of its residents; it is hard to imagine Berkeley without them. The artists and architects of these projects mention several themes: working for the community, responsibility, the importance of government support, collaboration,...
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Incorporated in 1847 on the banks of the Merrimack River, Lawrence, Massachusetts, was the final and most ambitious of New England's planned textile-manufacturing cities developed by the Boston-area entrepreneurs who helped launch the American Industrial Revolution. With a dam and canal system to generate power, by 1912 Lawrence led the world in the production of worsted wool cloth. The Pacific Cotton Mills alone had sales of nearly $10 million and...
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Since Reconstruction, African Americans have served as key protagonists in the rich and expansive narrative of American social protest. Their collective efforts challenged and redefined the meaning of freedom as a social contract in America. During the first half of the 20th century, a progressive group of black business, civic, and religious leaders from Atlanta, Georgia, challenged the status quo by employing a method of incremental gradualism to...
15) The Blaine House
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The Blaine House in Augusta is one of Maine's most notable homes. In 1862, three decades after the house was built by Capt. James Hall in the early 1830s, James and Harriet Blaine moved in. The home became the setting for one of the most meteoric careers in American politics, during which James Blaine served as Speaker of the US House of Representatives, US senator, secretary of state, and Republican candidate for president in 1884. After the deaths...
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