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Science Reference Center
Full-text articles to support research in applied sciences, biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and energy. Includes the Science Image Collection, a database of high-quality science images from National Geographic, UPI, Getty, NASA, and Nature Picture Library.
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One of the tenets of democracy is that everyone has a voice in decision making and that the decisions made are what the majority wants. Many argue that wisdom of the crowd prevails in democracies, but are political decisions actually reached by a clear consensus, or does angry factionalism prevent this? Does irrational mob rule cause people to gang together and lash out against the opposition? Are the majority of citizens satisfied with the political...
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There has been a neat divide in the United States and elsewhere between the "pro-choice" and "pro-life" camps. Reproductive rights are more expansive than the abortion debate. Access to affordable health services is a fundamental right, yet women, who are subject to discrimination, poverty, and violence at a higher rate than men, are at risk for losing access to screenings, maternal care, and contraception. Does the government have the right to legislate...
4) Banned Books
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It may sound shocking, but even in this current age, books are banned all around the globe. But what makes a book inappropriate-even dangerous-for public consumption, and who has the power to deem it so? Some governments ban books as a form of censorship. Even schools can ban books they consider too racy or inappropriate for their students. Does banning books take away our liberties, attempt to erase history, and impose an agenda? Or is the practice...
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Fossil fuels are a valuable commodity at the forefront of national and international politics. Pipelines can create jobs and economic growth, not to mention delivering a commodity to people who need it. What happens when there is conflict about the land through which a pipeline travels? Such conflicts can lead to protests, stoppages, and even war. Readers of this comprehensive volume, which explores the topic from a multitude of angles, will learn...
6) Partisanship
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The two-party system has long characterized American politics, but partisanship as it is understood today is a relatively recent phenomenon. Today, partisanship is not simply based on one's voting record but a totalizing sense of identification with one party over the other. Consequently, the American political climate is more polarized than ever before. Though this fact is often reported with alarm, it may be too soon to determine whether partisanship...
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Since the inception of the United States, certain democratic principles have been inherent to the nation's political identity. Theoretically, this means that all citizens should receive equal representation and opportunity. However, income inequality has grown in recent years and shows no signs of slowing. Some argue that the wealthy are given unequal power over the government and society as a whole, creating an oligarchy. The viewpoints in this volume,...
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Is capital punishment morally justified? Although the issue generates strong opinions, there are no easy answers when it comes to taking the life of a human being. Supporters of the death penalty believe it deters law-breaking and is the only punishment strong enough for horrific crimes such as child murder and genocide. Opponents argue that it violates human rights and point to its finality in the face of judicial system error and unfairness. This...
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The Migration Policy Institute released a fact sheet in 2016, stating that children born in the U.S. of a parent or parents who are undocumented immigrants, are placed at a severe disadvantage in life. This data was collected from 5.1 million children who are living with an unauthorized immigrant parent. Researchers found that these children are likely not to be enrolled in preschool, are likely to be held in a socioeconomic level that keeps them...
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From campaigning for politicians, to speaking out on political issues, to running for public office, celebrities around the world have long played an active role in politics. Their presence in the public sphere often helps them make this leap, but is the fact that we recognize their names and faces enough to make them trustworthy political figures? The diverse viewpoints in this volume explore what role celebrities should play in politics, discuss...
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The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics states that in 2016, 16.3 million American wage and salary workers were represented by a union. Statistics correlate that union workers are paid at least 200.00 dollars higher per week than non-union workers. Unions are specifically created and operated to protect the worker from unfair business practices, and improve the quality of life for workers. Conversely, some unions have such a stronghold on productivity...
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Civil disobedience, the refusal to obey certain laws, is a method of protest famously articulated by philosopher and writer Henry David Thoreau in his 1849 essay "Civil Disobedience." Thoreau believed that protest became a moral obligation when laws collided with conscience. Since then, civil disobedience has been employed as a form of rebellion around the world. But is there a place for civil disobedience in democratic societies? When is civil disobedience...
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As the most powerful judiciary body in the U.S., the Supreme Court is expected to uphold Constitutional values while remaining insulated from influence by political agendas. In recent years, however, some have perceived the Supreme Court as becoming increasingly politicized, with some labeling the 2018 appointment of Justice Kavanaugh a pro-conservative political maneuver. Despite these recent concerns, there are also numerous historical examples...
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